The former UMP minister Hervé Mariton calls Tuesday to increase the working time of officials "without additional compensation" and not to replace, for three years, two out of three employees who retire, two against one now. The Liberal member for the Drôme this Tuesday night on behalf of his political club Reform and Modernity, 24 proposals to be the presidential debate of 2012.

One suggestion is to increase the working time of employees without additional compensation.The increase in working hours would be modulated depending on the grade: an extra hour per week for officials in grade C (lower level), two hours in class B and three hours in Category A.

Hervé Mariton also wants to go beyond the rule of non-replacement of an official two retiring, established in 2007 by the government. It offers up to two of the three officers for three years. He also wants to convert some officials to "priority tasks" and launch a RGPP (General Review of Public Policy) "local".

Among his other proposals, Hervé Mariton wants to "prohibit" any public aid to enterprises, "except for research," "decentralize" employment center and introduce "a quarter of alternation," "mandatory and paid" at the end of class first.

Why not? What is certain is that the current situation is no longer tenable. We are in a deep housing crisis that it is imperative to get out. Housing is on average nearly a quarter of the household budget, a record.Between 2000 and 2010, the purchasing power of households grew by 43%, while new home prices jumped 84% and those of existing homes soared by 241%! This discrepancy between the increase in household incomes and rising house prices is no longer eligible. Why this situation? When you look over a long period, there was only after a vigorous effort for building the "Thirty Glorious Years", a break occurred during a decade (1975-1988) where the number of homes built has remained well below changing needs. It is as if an unmet demand for housing was made that was never resolved thereafter, creating a persistent quantitative imbalance between supply and demand for housing.One solution to overcome the present crisis: build much more! For this, we must mobilize all the levers.

You state that the modification of zoning regulations is the first project that must be addressed?

There is no point to heaps of money on the table if the planning rules do not change. Land use planning should be the keystone of the edifice. This means first a simplification in the process of granting building permits: we can divide the time by two. Then we have to stop wanting to build the city over the city. Instead, we must develop new urban spaces. Grounds exist. Look at the periphery of city centers, there are always lots available to build new shopping centers. Why not build there, of new housing by bringing all the necessary public services.This can be done since France is a country in Europe or the population density per square kilometer is the lowest in Europe.

Should we return to the products of tax exemption?

No. But it can not happen today financial resources of the private investor to build more. But it is absolutely necessary condition these tax benefits. More rents out these programs will be low, more tax benefits will be significant. That's an interesting idea to take off social housing or intermediate.

Precisely, one of the evils of this crisis is the blocking of social housing. How to get out?

It is true that the system of social housing is completely blocked: the gap between rents and those of the public park private park is so huge that people refuse to leave a public housing even when their family or financial situation would allow the.Where waiting lists and the freezing of rotations. We must break this deadlock. The idea is to create private law firms, 50% owned by private companies and 50% by housing agencies. Their main objective is to develop a rental housing through: that is to say housing where rents are cheaper than in the private sector but more expensive than social housing. Families could then leave the park freeing HLM housing. One could imagine a system where after ten years, tenants become owners of their homes. With this system, social housing finds its primary function: housing the poor.

Unlocking the social home ownership?

In 1990, the lower fringe of the middle class represented 80% of home buyers. Today, they are more than 30%.Therefore restoring the purchasing power of these households. We spend huge sums in interest-free loan without reaching resolvabiliser these households. I propose that the 1.3 billion spent in the financing of PTZ in the former are redeployed. € 900 million could be spent to finance the construction of new homes on the market with price caps and revenue caps for buyers. The remaining 400 million could be used to fund social home in the former in exchange for renovations heat.

The study involved monthly in Tokyo ten days after the Bank of Japan (BoJ) left its monetary policy unchanged, based on the assumption of a recovery at a moderate pace of the Japanese economy.

On this occasion, the central bank had, however, highlighted the growing risks weighing on the country's economic activity, the European debt crisis and the depressed global growth.

"The Japanese economy is still expanding while the decelerating pace of recovery against a backdrop of persistent difficulties related to the earthquake (11 March)," the government in its study.

The third world economy plunged into recession following the natural disaster occurred at the end of winter.

But production and exports have registered a marked increase in recent months, companies have made great efforts to replace the various production lines and delivery and to reopen factories.

The government has revised down its expectations in terms of exports, industrial production and household spending for the first time since April.

"Even if transport equipment support exports, electronic products and machinery equipment weaken, reflecting the slowdown in the global economy," said Shigeru Sugihara, head of macroeconomic analysis to the General Secretariat of government.

The report is, as always, writes that the government expects the Bank of Japan that support the economy "by appropriate monetary policy actions and decisive, and in close cooperation with the government."

According to sources familiar with the matter, the Japanese central bank is likely to revise downward its growth forecasts in a semi-annual report to be published by the end of the month.

Nearly three-quarters of Japanese companies expect a stagnation of the economy in the coming months, and 12% of them see it fall into recession because of growing concerns about global activity, shows a Reuters poll published on Friday .

Luxembourg Prime Minister said at the microphone of the German radio Deutschland Funk that the problems of banks and debt of the States were going to get worse and you need a custom solution for banks.

Asked if a forced recapitalization was intended to force the banks to contribute more, Jean-Claude Juncker said: "Banks should be aware that if the current voluntary creditors is not sufficient (…), then we must realize that we need a mandatory participation of creditors. "

You feel that China dominates world trade? You have seen nothing yet. A study by HSBC, China will become the world's largest exporter by 2020, before the United States. In 2025, the share of the Middle Kingdom in world trade (exports plus imports) reach 13%. "This is the only country that should see its share rise by more than three points over the period 2011-2025," said Alan Keir, director of the corporate market for the HSBC Group.The reason for this shift history: the close trade links with other emerging countries.

In recent years China's secure raw material supplies by investing in Latin America, Asia and Africa. It also provides consumer goods to the entire developing world, where demand is exploding. Between 2001 and 2010, for example, trade between China and Brazil has jumped 1000%! Now Brazil will be one, within fifteen years to come, of the most commercially vibrant. Its trade increase by 144% over the period 2011-2025. Vietnam, Indonesia, Egypt and India, where trade will grow even faster, also used as a springboard for Chinese companies.

Further decline in the share of France

This dynamism of trade in the emerging world will lower the share of industrial countries in world trade.This is the second lesson of the study of HSBC. Germany, for example, would see its share decline from 8.2% to 7.2% by 2025. But German companies working more with businesses in emerging Europe (Poland and Czech Republic) in order to remain competitive. North America, meanwhile, would be able to maintain a market share of 14.5% in 2025 (against 14.3% today) thanks to exports of pharmaceuticals to developing countries.

And France? Our country accounted for 3.9% of world trade at the end of 2010. This figure could fall to 3.1% in 2025. France has a strong industrial base, including aerospace, engines, pharmaceuticals and motor vehicles. But our trading partners in most European countries, where growth is relatively low.But the study by HSBC is clear: to Asia that the new trade corridors are created. The experts are betting on an increase of 120% of trade between France and India over the period 2011-2025. But this is hardly impressive in the light of developments in world trade (73% expected over the next 15 years). China, by comparison, has tentacles ten times faster.

The Regional Council of Poitou-Charentes, headed by Ségolène Royal, the Socialist Party candidate in the primary, formalized Monday the creation of a regional investment bank for SMEs, said the community in a statement. "With the bank, SMEs can now apply to a single paperless service, managed by the region, common to all funding partners," says the region is now arguing that "SMEs will benefit from consulting and a more simple, faster and more relevant. "

With the help of European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), € 33 million of regional funds will be made in two years, available to the bank. The region also hopes to get input from the Deposit or private investors to "finance EUR 280 million investment and activity in the territory."

This initiative was announced September 12 by Ségolène Royal, along with five other actions for SMEs. The primary candidate for the PS but noted that "starting a business is not valued in France," and expressed his "firm belief" that it was necessary to ensure that France "is recovering from tissue SMEs ". It was also suggested to "reserve a portion of public contracts to SMEs".

The region has also announced that it creates a semi-public company, ESTER (Solar Electricity Territories) Poitou-Charentes regional development of solar power. ESTER Poitou-Charentes "aims to invest in making solar power plants with an investment program of 200 million by 2015, representing 120 megawatts of power, or one and half times the power currently installed Poitou-Charentes, and 500 permanent jobs, "the statement also indicates the regional council.

The European Commission has raised the possibility Friday of Eurobonds restricted to six countries in the euro area receiving the highest rating by the agencies, among the options being considered to better face the future with debt crises excessive. This idea is supported personally by one of the vice-presidents of the EU executive, the Luxembourg Viviane Reding.

"The United States are in a difficult situation but have no problem with the bond market because it is so great" at home, argued Commissioner Reding, responsible for justice issues, in an interview published Friday by the German daily Hannoversche Allgemeine Zeitung. "This is why I propose that all states in the euro area receiving the highest rating, AAA-rated states – France, Germany, Luxembourg, Austria, Netherlands and Finland – are pooling their bond markets "she said.

Such a mechanism for sharing national public debt of the most solid would be "a rock in the middle of the storm," she said.The spokesman of the Commission, Pia Ahrenkilde, said in Brussels that this idea was part of various options under consideration within the EU executive, which plans soon to submit a feasibility report on Eurobonds with the various possible formulas.

"There are a number of options are discussed, the remarks of the Vice-President (Viviane Reding) must be seen in this context," she told reporters. The creation of such a pot of government borrowing by countries in the monetary union is seen by its promoters as the only lasting solution to the debt crisis by ensuring that fragile states are protected by the strongest . However, Germany refuses because she sees an incentive to fiscal laxity. Its Ministry of Finance rejected this mechanism again Friday, although limited to countries rated triple "A"."Our position has not changed" and "this is true whatever the composition of the group (country) which would be backed Eurobonds," said a spokesman for the Ministry in Berlin.

Fears about the banking stocks have been very heavy on Monday on all European markets. In Paris, Societe Generale tumbled 8.64% to 20.25 euros, signing the largest decrease in the CAC 40. BNP Paribas lost 6.34% to 31.30 euros, Crédit Agricole (-5.51% to 5.84 euros) and Natixis (-5.68% to 2.55 euros). In the background, the difficulties of Greece, the threat of a lawsuit in the United States against 16 banks – including Societe Generale – for their responsibility in the subprime crisis, and the desire to recapitalize European banks by the IMF .Dominique Dequidt but remains optimistic.

What are the fears about banks today?

First, the gradual disappearance of the sovereign rating in Greece opened the door to further degradation, Ireland and Portugal in the lead. This is one of the great fears in the market today. Investors fear losses that may result in banking stocks that are exposed. Indeed some of the U.S. money market funds that had liquidity of investments in Europe have rather taken off the market last week. The second point is the deterioration of the American note in the summer. She amplified these fears and stoked fears of slowing global growth.

These fears are justified?

It is not really justified, at least in the short term. It is mainly a crisis of confidence that undermines the market.But look closer, banks are healthy. When we look at the credits granted by banking institutions in Europe, there is no need to panic. They rose 3% in the first quarter and 4% in the second. And despite a rather European growth at half the second quarter.

Banks are robust enough to withstand the risk of European sovereign debt and the threat of global recession?

Yes, in the event that we are not witnessing a collapse of the banking system. But there is no need to be as alarmist as the IMF on the recapitalization of banks. They have made big profits in the first half. BNP Paribas, despite its 450 million refinancing of provisions in the Greek debt, posted a profit of more than 2 billion euros in the first quarter.

But banks are very fearful to lend to each other.The level of cash placed with the European Central Bank has now reached 151 billion euros …

We are in a tense situation since the beginning of August the fears are heavy on the strength of some banks. Hence the difficulty they face to lend to each other. This level is certainly high compared to six months ago. But we are still far from the amounts of their outstanding 2008 in which the ECB had reached astronomical levels.

The trial of the U.S. federal government against 16 global banks – including the general society – he may weigh on an already difficult climate?

I do not think, at least for France and Europe. They are not involved in the trial. And regarding the risks of fines, it is called, in the extreme case, a fine running into hundreds of millions of euros.This is a difficult but there is no major concern to have.

To what extent can we expect an impact on the real economy if the situation worsens?

Banks have made a big effort on their balance sheets, it is not in the same situation of overheating than during the crisis. They are now well prepared for the state of distrust of the markets. But the phenomenon of double-dip recession may occur. 3 months ago investors imagined a soft landing in growth after the good figures of 2010. Today expectations are more cautious, and go up to imagine a recession in 2012.

9:41: The main European stock markets have not collapsed Monday in the opening. The interventions of the G7 finance leaders and the European Central Bank appear to have prevented a panic. After opening lower, most European markets are ironed in the green a few minutes after the first exchanges. Shortly before 9:30 (7:30 GMT), Paris was up slightly (0.15%), London climbed 0.35% and Frankfurt did not lose more than 0.20%.Madrid (2.6%) and Milan (3%) were very relieved by the announcement of an intervention by the European Central Bank (ECB) on the bond market.

9:36: rebound in financial stocks. Bank stocks offered a strong rebound on Monday in early trade on the Paris stock exchange, through the redemption of bonds of fragile by the European Central Bank (ECB). There are some over 6%, after losing considerable ground in recent sessions because of the debt crisis. At 9:32 (7:32), BNP Paribas gained 5.85% to 42.99 euros and Societe Generale 5.47% to 28.93 euros, totally ignoring the loss of triple-A by the United States.

[See also: The United States lost their triple A, what consequences?]

9:21: Shanghai ended down.The composite index of Shanghai Stock Exchange lost 3.79% Monday, giving up 99.6 points to 2526.82 points to fall, due to the loss of triple A U.S. revives fears of global crisis dealers said.

9:18: The Paris Stock Exchange returns in the green in early trade Monday, taking 0.15%, ignoring the loss of the triple A of the United States for a rebound s'offir careful after ten days of declines.At 9:14, the CAC 40 gained 4.77 points to 3283.33 points.

9:17: The London Stock Exchange opens down, the FTSE-100 index lost 24.09 of the key values ​​points, or 0.46%, about 10 minutes before the start of trading at 5422.90 points.

[See also our file: What you should remember the debt crisis of the U.S.]

9:06: The index of the star Dax Frankfurt Stock Exchange at the opening down 1% to 6170.69 points against 6236.16 points at the close Friday, limiting losses after a week where he lost over 13% of its value.

9:03: The ECB is willing to buy the Spanish and Italian debt, announced the French minister of Economy Baroin.

9:00: Paris opens down. The Paris Bourse opens a moderate decrease of 0.74% to 3254.36 points. The CAC 40 index 24.20 points to 3254.36 let loose points. It is a historical series of 10 sessions of consecutive decline, unheard of.

In London, the FTSE-100 opened down 1.15%. Madrid opens up 0.63%, Milan 0.09%.

8:50: The G7 to preach a "strong international financial Systel." Before the opening of the Tokyo Stock Exchange, the finance ministers and central bankers from the G7 issued a statement in which they pledged to take "all necessary measures" to support financial stability and growth. They reaffirm "our common interest in a strong and stable international financial and [reaffirm] our support for the exchange rate determined by the markets." They point out that excessive volatility and disorderly movements in exchange rates has negative implications for economic and financial stability.

8:38: Moscow down. Moscow stock exchanges are down over 2.5% at the opening.

8:30: Sharp drop expected in Paris. The Paris Bourse is expected to open sharply down Monday.The futures contract on the CAC 40 lost 2.53% forty minutes before the opening of the session.

8:28: Relaxing expected in Spain and Italy. The 10-year rate Spanish and Italian relax strongly Monday in the bond market after the announcement by the European Central Bank that it would buy back bonds in the euro area.

8:21: The euro rose. The euro firmed on Monday morning in Tokyo against the dollar after the shock wave over the weekend by the downgrade of U.S. sovereign debt. Around 6:00 GMT, the European currency was worth 1.4337 dollars, after falling to 1.4055 dollars in Asia Wednesday – its lowest for three and a half weeks.

8:20: The plan of the European Central Bank BCE.La announces that it wants to calm the fire in the markets by buying more government debt of countries in the Eurozone in trouble on the secondary market.She did not say which country the debt it had redeemed, but markets expect it to intervene on the obligations of Italy and Spain, which bond yields are at record levels both recent weeks.

7:30: China accuses Europe and the United States. The United States and Europe are endangering the economic recovery in the world "does not assume responsibility" in the sovereign debt crisis, on Monday accused the People's Daily, official organ of the Chinese Communist Party. The newspaper called the West "to take their courage to cut the ties that bind their policies and strengthen coordination with developing countries."

7:05: The gold through the roof. Gold recorded a new record Monday on the market in Hong Kong. It through the roof of 1700 U.S. dollars per ounce for the first time, because of its safe haven status."People withdraw their money (in other markets: ie), including the dollar and euro, to put it in gold and the Japanese yen," he told Dow Jones Newswires the agency broker based in Tokyo .

7:00: Asian stock markets down. They also suffer the blow. Asian stock markets started falling Monday morning, the first markets to open after the downgrade of the United States. The leaders of major economies in the world have mobilized until the last moment to prevent a global crash. The Tokyo Stock Exchange lost 2.18%, for example at the end. The Seoul stock exchange closed down about 3.82%, 2.56% of Sydney. Hong Kong widened its losses, with -4.04% and Shanghai lost in the morning to more than 4%. Bombay lost 3.08% one hour after opening.

Action Air France lost 5.74% to 6.56 euros by 9:20, amid fears of a relapse of the global economy and extension of the debt crisis in the eurozone.

The Franco-Dutch company rose 6.9% in passenger traffic last month, higher than the 5.4% increase in capacity operated on the month.

The load factor was up for his 1.2 points to 87.3%.

"Unit revenue per available seat kilometer (RASK) excluding currency has improved over the previous year, driven by traffic in business class," said Air France said in a statement.

Networks Americas and Asia, the load factor in both cases exceeded 90%, while traffic has increased by 9.6% and 8.1%.

The European network is itself remained "dynamic" last month (+7.2%) despite the debt crisis.

However, freight transport remains to the death as in previous months.Unrest in Africa and the Middle East, combined with overcapacity in from Asia, have resulted in a decrease of 2.7% in cargo traffic in July.

Capabilities having remained broadly stable, the load factor fell 2.1 points to 64.0%, while unit revenue per tonne kilometer (RATK) excluding currency is down from one year to another .

The International Air Transport Association (Iata) said last week that the tendency to transport passengers remained on an upward trend, but at a rate lower than the 10% rate observed during the rebound following the last economic crisis.

"The slowdown reflects the deterioration in economic growth and rising costs caused by rising fuel prices and the higher taxes in some countries," said IATA.

The association also noted that freight volumes, a barometer of trade, had not shown growth since July or August 2010.