The former UMP minister Hervé Mariton calls Tuesday to increase the working time of officials "without additional compensation" and not to replace, for three years, two out of three employees who retire, two against one now. The Liberal member for the Drôme this Tuesday night on behalf of his political club Reform and Modernity, 24 proposals to be the presidential debate of 2012.

One suggestion is to increase the working time of employees without additional compensation.The increase in working hours would be modulated depending on the grade: an extra hour per week for officials in grade C (lower level), two hours in class B and three hours in Category A.

Hervé Mariton also wants to go beyond the rule of non-replacement of an official two retiring, established in 2007 by the government. It offers up to two of the three officers for three years. He also wants to convert some officials to "priority tasks" and launch a RGPP (General Review of Public Policy) "local".

Among his other proposals, Hervé Mariton wants to "prohibit" any public aid to enterprises, "except for research," "decentralize" employment center and introduce "a quarter of alternation," "mandatory and paid" at the end of class first.

After months of negotiations, the operation of a $ 4.1 billion, will allow the two stock exchange operators to pool their complementary strengths in a rapidly consolidating industry.

The Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE) controls 90% of equity trading in cash while the Osaka Securities Exchange (OSE) attracts the largest volumes of futures contracts on the Nikkei and other derivatives.

The combined value of these securities listed on stock exchanges comes behind that of NYSE Euronext (12,000 billion) and Nasdaq OMX Group (close to 4.000 billion), according to figures from the World Federation of Exchanges (WFE).

Over the past five years, mergers and acquisitions announced in the stock sector operators accounted for about $ 83 billion, the players wanting to reduce costs and diversify the face of weak revenue from the traditional trading of shares.

The TSE will offer 480,000 yen per share OSE, a premium of 14% over the closing price on Monday.

The entity formed by the merger will remain as a vehicle listing title OSE, which gained up to 5.5% after the announcement, before closing up 4.6%.

The ratio of the TSE merger valued at approximately 1.7 times the OSE, whose market capitalization reached $ 1.5 billion.

The Chamber of Deputies will vote Saturday on the text and Prime Minister Silvio Berlusconi, private on Tuesday its majority in the House, has promised to resign in the wake to give way to a broad-based government should be led by the former European Commissioner Mario Monti.

The latter voted for the first time Saturday at the Palace Madame – he was appointed senator for life last Wednesday by President of the Republic Giorgio Napolitano.He also called Italian President to express his confidence in his "leadership".

Nicolas Sarkozy announced that he would speak in the day Friday with Giorgio Napolitano.

A MONTI market confidence

"What is needed is that we could get back on track in Greece, it is happening, our Italian friends, who so many ties bind us is what is being to be. I will immediately President Napolitano on the phone, "he said on the sidelines of celebrations of the Armistice of November 11,.

The U.S. Treasury Secretary Timothy Geithner stressed that the crisis in Europe was "the main challenge to global growth."

Greek Prime Minister outgoing, George Papandreou and his conservative rival, Antonis Samaras agreed to form and announce "that day" the new coalition government that they negotiate for three days, told AFP a government source . "There is an agreement on the course, which provides that Mr. Papandreou will make by the beginning of the afternoon at the head of state, who then convene a meeting of leaders of political parties during which agreement will be recognized and announced the composition of the new government, "the source said, but to come forward on behalf of the future prime minister, whose only certainty is that this is not Mr.Papandreou.

The European equity markets and U.S. signed remarkable performance under the agreement Wednesday night in Europe on Greek debt restructuring, capacity building fund to support the euro and the recapitalization of banks in Europe.

European authorities have in fact agreed to recapitalize the banking system of the European Union to the tune of 106 billion euros and received in exchange for bankers they divide by two the value of government debt securities held in their accounts to try to stem the debt crisis in the eurozone.

"The treaties do not allow it." In explaining his refusal of the French proposal to transform the European Financial Stability Fund (EFSF) in the bank, allowed to refinance at the ECB, Berlin relied on legal argument. This is one reason that stands. But that does not really understand the inner motivations of this veto.

Avoid a slap in the Bundestag

To convince Germany, Angela Merkel is not only that we must win, but all members of the Bundestag.The German Constitutional Court has recently decided as follows: all decisions on the euro zone must obtain the approval of Parliament. And given the difficulties faced by the Chancellor with his coalition, the vote of an instrument that could be used to finance massive debt fragile seemed complicated. All the Green MPs a vote last week has mandated an agreement of 620 elected and not 42 members of the Committee Affairs budget as planned initially. "Presumably, if the French proposal was adopted, the vote could have given rise to heated debates and passionate," said Céline Antonin, an economist at the OFCE.

Preserve the independence of the ECB

The institution is far out of his terms for a year and a half.She began to buy back debt from fragile countries in May 2010 (Greece, Italy and Spain in particular) and a further 4.5 billion euros of bonds last week, more than double the week before. In total, the amount of transactions on the secondary market amounted to 170 billion euros. The ECB has also put hundreds of billions of euros of liquidity available to banks that have struggled to find on the market conditions as favorable. But Germany has reluctantly agreed to these interventions. So was it not possible for her to give the EFSF a kind of drawing right on the ECB via the proposed banking license. Berlin would prefer to see the guardian of the euro back to its original objectives of controlling inflation, according to Céline Antonin. "It was created on the model of the Bundesbank.And right now we try to avoid it too so its mandate, even if the buyback is expected to continue in the coming weeks, "said the economist. According to the German press, the capacity of EFSF not would not be sufficient to take the baton, they should buy back the debt jointly.

Avoid stopping just over the ECB balance sheet

If the French solution was preferred, the EFSF would have borrowed directly from the ECB. In exchange, the Fund would have a guarantee of debt securities of countries weakened. This would have meant to burden the balance sheet of the institution and, ultimately, to require states to put the hands in their pockets to recapitalize the institution. Germany wanted not to get there, especially since the ECB has already accumulated a lot of bad loans."Central banks have already full of rotten loans, credit claims more toxic than the debts of the states in trouble," said the economist and the OFCE, Jean-Paul Fitoussi.

Why not? What is certain is that the current situation is no longer tenable. We are in a deep housing crisis that it is imperative to get out. Housing is on average nearly a quarter of the household budget, a record.Between 2000 and 2010, the purchasing power of households grew by 43%, while new home prices jumped 84% and those of existing homes soared by 241%! This discrepancy between the increase in household incomes and rising house prices is no longer eligible. Why this situation? When you look over a long period, there was only after a vigorous effort for building the "Thirty Glorious Years", a break occurred during a decade (1975-1988) where the number of homes built has remained well below changing needs. It is as if an unmet demand for housing was made that was never resolved thereafter, creating a persistent quantitative imbalance between supply and demand for housing.One solution to overcome the present crisis: build much more! For this, we must mobilize all the levers.

You state that the modification of zoning regulations is the first project that must be addressed?

There is no point to heaps of money on the table if the planning rules do not change. Land use planning should be the keystone of the edifice. This means first a simplification in the process of granting building permits: we can divide the time by two. Then we have to stop wanting to build the city over the city. Instead, we must develop new urban spaces. Grounds exist. Look at the periphery of city centers, there are always lots available to build new shopping centers. Why not build there, of new housing by bringing all the necessary public services.This can be done since France is a country in Europe or the population density per square kilometer is the lowest in Europe.

Should we return to the products of tax exemption?

No. But it can not happen today financial resources of the private investor to build more. But it is absolutely necessary condition these tax benefits. More rents out these programs will be low, more tax benefits will be significant. That's an interesting idea to take off social housing or intermediate.

Precisely, one of the evils of this crisis is the blocking of social housing. How to get out?

It is true that the system of social housing is completely blocked: the gap between rents and those of the public park private park is so huge that people refuse to leave a public housing even when their family or financial situation would allow the.Where waiting lists and the freezing of rotations. We must break this deadlock. The idea is to create private law firms, 50% owned by private companies and 50% by housing agencies. Their main objective is to develop a rental housing through: that is to say housing where rents are cheaper than in the private sector but more expensive than social housing. Families could then leave the park freeing HLM housing. One could imagine a system where after ten years, tenants become owners of their homes. With this system, social housing finds its primary function: housing the poor.

Unlocking the social home ownership?

In 1990, the lower fringe of the middle class represented 80% of home buyers. Today, they are more than 30%.Therefore restoring the purchasing power of these households. We spend huge sums in interest-free loan without reaching resolvabiliser these households. I propose that the 1.3 billion spent in the financing of PTZ in the former are redeployed. € 900 million could be spent to finance the construction of new homes on the market with price caps and revenue caps for buyers. The remaining 400 million could be used to fund social home in the former in exchange for renovations heat.

You feel that China dominates world trade? You have seen nothing yet. A study by HSBC, China will become the world's largest exporter by 2020, before the United States. In 2025, the share of the Middle Kingdom in world trade (exports plus imports) reach 13%. "This is the only country that should see its share rise by more than three points over the period 2011-2025," said Alan Keir, director of the corporate market for the HSBC Group.The reason for this shift history: the close trade links with other emerging countries.

In recent years China's secure raw material supplies by investing in Latin America, Asia and Africa. It also provides consumer goods to the entire developing world, where demand is exploding. Between 2001 and 2010, for example, trade between China and Brazil has jumped 1000%! Now Brazil will be one, within fifteen years to come, of the most commercially vibrant. Its trade increase by 144% over the period 2011-2025. Vietnam, Indonesia, Egypt and India, where trade will grow even faster, also used as a springboard for Chinese companies.

Further decline in the share of France

This dynamism of trade in the emerging world will lower the share of industrial countries in world trade.This is the second lesson of the study of HSBC. Germany, for example, would see its share decline from 8.2% to 7.2% by 2025. But German companies working more with businesses in emerging Europe (Poland and Czech Republic) in order to remain competitive. North America, meanwhile, would be able to maintain a market share of 14.5% in 2025 (against 14.3% today) thanks to exports of pharmaceuticals to developing countries.

And France? Our country accounted for 3.9% of world trade at the end of 2010. This figure could fall to 3.1% in 2025. France has a strong industrial base, including aerospace, engines, pharmaceuticals and motor vehicles. But our trading partners in most European countries, where growth is relatively low.But the study by HSBC is clear: to Asia that the new trade corridors are created. The experts are betting on an increase of 120% of trade between France and India over the period 2011-2025. But this is hardly impressive in the light of developments in world trade (73% expected over the next 15 years). China, by comparison, has tentacles ten times faster.

The trade deficit of France was a switchblade in August. It fell to 4.97 billion euros, 6.36 billion after July when adjusted for seasonal variations. The decrease was due to a sharp rise in exports of transport equipment, Customs said Friday.

"In August, the implementation of major aerospace contracts causes a sharp increase in exports of transport equipment. In addition, industrial supplies remain firm.In the end, the deficit is entirely due to the transport sector ", have they said in a statement.

The accumulated balance in the trade balance since 1 January but still reached record highs. He came to indeed -48.560 billion euros, against -33.184 billion in the first eight months of last year. And over the last twelve months, the gap between imports and exports widened to 66.8 billion euros, against 51.5 billion for 2010. Exports reached on August 37.42 billion euros, up 2.9% at three months. Imports have risen to 42.387 billion euros from 41.628 billion in July.

In August, France sold its 16 Airbus reported 1.345 million euros against 20 in July to 1.183 million.In addition, France has delivered two satellites, one in China (112 million) and the other in the United States (130 million). The performance of aerospace and aeronautics, powered shots of large contracts, are very volatile from one month to another.

Areva and the U.S. company Westinghouse are assigned respectively the supply of 32 and 12 generators with a total of over 1.5 billion euros, EDF said in a statement.

For its part, Areva, which will receive $ 1.1 billion of that total, 16 states that the steam generators will be made available to the electrician in July 2016, eight in January 2017 and eight in January 2018.

This control of steam generators to the reactors with a capacity of 1300 MW is part of the program of gradual replacement of large components on power.

Each steam generator, weighing 438 tonnes, has an internal circuit consisting of 122 km of tubes for making steam, which then produce electricity via a large turbine.

All the tubes of steam generators will be manufactured in France at Montbard (Côte d'Or).